This study explores the possibility of reinterpreting Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh in the contemporary era, employing a multidisciplinary theoretical framework to analyze the challenges and opportunities of such a rereading. Drawing on Cassirer’s philosophy, myth and epic are understood as symbolic forms embedded within specific historical epistemes, which poses epistemological challenges for modern readers. Meanwhile, Althusser’s concept of the "problematic" underscores the necessity of reconstructing the ideological and historical conditions of meaning production to fully grasp the text’s significance. By integrating Gadamer’s theory of the "fusion of horizons" and Jameson’s historicism, this research argues that the Shahnameh is not merely a static historical artifact but a living text capable of engaging in a dialectical dialogue with contemporary readers, addressing present-day questions. The findings demonstrate that, despite the epistemic gap between the text’s world and modern readers, hermeneutic and historicist approaches can facilitate a dynamic and creative interaction with the epic. Ultimately, the study concludes that the tension between the text’s historical rootedness and the necessity of modern interpretation is not an obstacle but an opportunity for the continuous reinvention of meaning. As an interpretively open text, the Shahnameh retains its relevance and can contribute to redefining Iranian identity in today’s world.