On the Distinction Between the Two Mythical Dynasties of Iran

Document Type : Original Article

10.22067/jmels.2025.93648.1050

Abstract

Various theories have been proposed regarding the differences between the two mythical dynasties of the Pishdādians and the Kayanids, as well as the reasons for their separation. At first glance, given the genealogical connection between the Kayanid and Pishdādian kings, such a division may appear redundant. Even those Iranian mythologists who argue that the Kayanid kings were less endowed with mythical attributes compared to the Pishdādian rulers have, in practice, acknowledged that most Kayanid kings do indeed possess mythical qualities, and thus have failed to present conclusive evidence to support their claim. It seems that the primary reason for the distinction between these two groups of Iranian mythical kings lies in their differing roles: the Pishdādian kings independently embodied both the functions of kingship and heroism, whereas the Kayanid rulers retained the function of kingship for themselves and delegated the heroic function to champions such as Garshāsp, Zāl, and Rostam.

Keywords

Kingship

Heroism

Iranian Mythology

Pishdādians

Kayanids

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